Shyama Prasad Mukharji - A freedom fighter , A fine educationist and a wonderful administrator

• Shyama Prasad Mukharji - A freedom fighter , A fine  educationist and a wonderful administrator .

Why in News -: 

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has paid tributes to Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee on his birth anniversary today.

"On his Jayanti, I bow to Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee .

Dr. Mookerjee is remembered as a fine educationist, a wonderful administrator and a stalwart who fought for India's freedom as well as unity", the Prime Minister said.

About -: 

1. Founder- President of Bhartiya Jan Sangh
2. Born - 6 July 1901 Calcutta  Bengal 
3. Death - 23 June 1953 Jammu and Kashmir 
4. Was also president of   Hindu Mahasabha (1943-1946) 
5. Against Art. 370 - 

seeing as a threat to unity of the country and fought against it inside and outside the parliament with one of the goals of Bharatiya Jana Sangh being abrogation of the article.

Hindu Mahasabha - 
Akhil Bharat Hindu Maha Sabha is one of the oldest organizations of India that is bharat as it was formed in 1907.Eminent Hindu leaders extended this Organization in 1915 on ALL India basis. Hindu Mahasabha is a hindusangathan movement and politics of hindutva . Hindu Mahasabha is a non-secular party, established for safeguarding issues of Hindus.


ARTICLE 370 - 

1. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution is a 'temporary provision' which grants special autonomous status to Jammu & Kashmir. 
2. Under Part XXI of the Constitution of India, which deals with "Temporary, Transitional and Special provisions", the state of Jammu & Kashmir has been accorded special status under Article 370.
3.  All the provisions of the Constitution which are applicable to other states are not applicable to J&K.
4.  For example, till 1965, J&K had a Sadr-e-Riyasat for governor and prime minister in place of chief minister.

 History of Article 370

• The provision was drafted in 1947 by Sheikh Abdullah, who had by then been appointed prime minister of Jammu & Kashmir by Maharaja Hari Singh and Jawahar Lal Nehru. 
• Sheikh Abdullah had argued that Article 370 should not be placed under temporary provisions of the Constitution.
•  He wanted 'iron clad autonomy' for the state, which Centre didn't comply with.

1. Provisions of Article 370

• According to this article, except for defence, foreign affairs, finance and communications, Parliament needs the state government's concurrence for applying all other laws.
•  Thus the state's residents live under a separate set of laws, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to other Indians.
•  As a result of this provision, Indian citizens from other states cannot purchase land or property in Jammu & Kashmir. 
• Under Article 370, the Centre has no power to declare financial emergency under Article 360 in the state.
•  It can declare emergency in the state only in case of war or external aggression. 
• The Union government can therefore not declare emergency on grounds of internal disturbance or imminent danger unless it is made at the request or with the concurrence of the state government.